`` Reefer Madness `` An Act Of Young People From Using...

â€Å"Reefer Madness† As an act to discourage young people from using cannabis, the government released the film Reefer Madness. The 1936 propaganda film revolves around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by â€Å"pushers† to try marijuana. The film was very successful and by 1937, 46 states had laws outlawing marijuana use. The movie shows events from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, hallucinations, and descent into madness due to marijuana addiction. Coined phrases such as, â€Å"The devil s harvest† and â€Å"an assassin of youth that would inflict tokers with a new medical condition called Reefer Madness, curable only by sobriety† instilled fear and a new perspective into much of†¦show more content†¦Theodore Roosevelt declared in a 1910 speech that the government should be â€Å"the steward of the public welfare.† Efforts of the progressive movement were 3 fold. The first was to make government c leaner, less corrupt, and more democratic. The 2nd was attempts to amend the effects of industrialization. The last were efforts to rein in corporate power. Progressivism grew out of dismay and a desire to fix what many saw as a broken system. (Swinth). â€Å"Its first effect is sudden violent uncontrollable laughter, then come dangerous hallucinations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is how the propaganda film Reefer Madness begins. As the screen slowly fades from black to a scene portraying what looks more like a scene from a horror movie than a group of teenagers hanging out. Even from the first scene the film aims to put a sense of fear into the audience s mind. These â€Å"hallucinations† that the film speaks of were a huge part of turning people against marijuana use. Harry J. Angling used many different tactics including hallucinations to demonize pot. He was notorious for saying radical, very racist, quotes. He once said, â€Å" There are 100,000 total marijuana smokers in the U.S., and most are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos and entertainers. Their Satanic music, jazz and swing result from marijuana use. This marijuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with

Statistics and Psychology Free Essays

There are numerous applications of statistical reasoning and research methods in the field of psychology. From simple aspects of reading and interpreting psychology articles, to completing personal research, statistics is a necessary concept to understand. The scientific method is essential to research, and many of the concepts cross the lines into statistics. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics and Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also imperative for us to compare and contrast the characteristics of primary and secondary data. Ultimately, the focus of these topics centers on the application of statistical reasoning in psychology.Statistics in Psychology One might ask themselves how mathematical concepts could possibly apply to psychology. The answer is simpler than many imagine, all one has to do is focus on the interpretation. Reading psychology research articles is a common occurrence for anyone in the field. Without the ability to understand the jargon, tables, graphs, and other aspects at the heart of statistics, one is unable to truly process the findings of research (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2009). Research is an iatrical part to nearly every field of psychology, but especially those who seek to answer questions and gain insight to problems.Most fields of psychology –including counseling and clinical focuses- require answers to questions (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2009). Answering questions requires some form of research, which uses statistics on some level. To answer many of these questions, research is done with some application of the scientific method. Research and the Scientific Method When searching for the answer to a problem, most go about it in an orderly way. The research done in the scientific method is simple application of systematic and logical steps to problem solving (Cowens, 2006).Using the five-step process allows researchers to examine any inquiry. The Five-Step Approach The first step is to determine a problem to solve, or make an observation (Cowens, 2006). This can be a simple question or a more complex desire to understand how or why something works. For instance, a psychologist seeks to understand why certain object triggers rage in a patient. Step two is to determine a hypothesis (Cowens, 2006). A hypothesis is usually a speculation or idea about how or why something happens. This step seeks to predict the outcome or reasoning of the problem.The psychologist may form the hypothesis that the object triggers rage because the patient associates the object with past trauma. Now it is time to test the hypothesis. Experimentation and research enters the picture for this step (Cowens, 2006). To test the hypothesis, the psychologist may use sessions or questions as research. They may also try other objects, or use hypnosis to recall the trauma. Recording the observations is an essential step in the scientific method (Cowens, 2006). All observations are important, and frequency tables, graphs, and charts explore the statistical application of the scientific method.In addition to these, psychologists may use notes to explore the reasoning. The final step is drawing a conclusion (Cowens, 2006). The purpose of this step is the interpretation of the findings. The results may either support the hypothesis, or raise new questions to explore. The psychologist may find no past trauma, and determine that all purple objects trigger both rage and fear. They then will seek a new hypothesis to begin a new search for answers. Primary and Secondary Data In any aspect of research, it is imperative to consider the validity of results.Primary data is described as data observed or collected directly from first-hand experience (Triola, 2010). Secondary data is published data, or data collected by others (Triola, 2010). Primary data is preferred in research because the knowledge is obtained first-hand, where secondary relies on the observations of others. For instance, more accurate results in a weight study will come from the direct weighing of the patients than asking them their weight. Statistics in Research Psychologists use univariate principles when they measure only one variable and multivariate procedure when using variables to ascertain relationships (Chow, 2002).Psychologists often use statistics to identify areas of research interest. In testing a hypothesis, many researchers need to turn questions into testable numerical data. One of the most common statistics applications is the testing of the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis involves the original claim –like 50 out of 100 patients see success in regression techniques to overcome phobias- and turning it into a mathematical claim (Â µ = 50). The alternative hypothesis represents the difference of a claim, or the probability that it is untrue because the test statistic is outside the given range (Â µ ? 50). These claims are tested, and if it is found that less than 50 patients saw success with regression techniques, then researchers are able to use statistical reasoning to disprove the statement. Overall, statistical reasoning is extremely important in the interpretation of research results obtained through the scientific method. Personal Application The concepts discussed throughout this paper have focused on many answers this author hopes to find in her professional life, and has pursued in her personal life. The author cited the example of rage and fear caused by purple, because her nine-year-old sister suffers problems with this concept.After many trials, tests, and visits to therapy, we were able to determine that she associated the color with Barney the dinosaur, and she cross-associated Barney with a fear of dinosaurs coming back to life in an old movie. Although a simple study, it had great impact on this author’s life, and her future pursuit of psychology. Conclusion Sta tistical reasoning in psychology may seem like a contradiction to many. However, any pursuit of answers requires research –which employs the scientific method and statistics. We have determined primary data to be more beneficial and reliable than secondary data.We have also applied the concept of hypotheses to statistics and basic research. In conclusion, even simple understanding in psychology is often related to statistical reasoning. ?References Aron, A. , Aron, E. N. , Coups, E. J. (2009). Statistics for psychology (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall Chow, S. L. (2002). Statistics and its role in psychological research. Methods in Psychological Research. Retrieved October 3, 2010 from ProQuest database. Cowens, J. (2006, August/September). The scientific method. Teaching PreK-8. (37)1. 42. Triola, M. F. (2010). Elementary Statistics. (11th Ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson. How to cite Statistics and Psychology, Papers

Kaleidoscope Heart by Sara Bareilles free essay sample

When you think of Sara Bareilles, the 2007 pop-album â€Å"Little Voice† probably comes to mind. The â€Å"Love Song† princess met the release of her sophomore album, â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart†, with monumental expectations from her yearning fans. Bareilles admits that, as she wrote the new album, she took more risks; risks that I believe contributed to the original feel of the thirteen enthralling tracks. While you might have only heard â€Å"Love Song† or possibly â€Å"Gravity† from Bareilles’ debut album, â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart† deserves to take the world by storm. Every song is filled with rich, motivational lyrics and beats that you will undoubtedly fall in love with. Whether you like powerful feel-good vocals, like â€Å"Uncharted† or â€Å"Gonna Get Over You†, or slower, melodic ballads such as â€Å"Breathe Again† or â€Å"Bluebird†, you will thoroughly enjoy â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart†. Thou gh Bareilles does not collaborate with any other vocalists on her sophomore album, she describes how she makes the rules in her leading single â€Å"King of Anything†, which she released earlier in the year: â€Å"You dare tell me who to be, who died and made you king of anything?† Her vibrant lyrics resurrect her genuine, piano melodies and delicate yet bold vocals from â€Å"Little Voice† and synthesize them with a mature, more confident Sara. We will write a custom essay sample on Kaleidoscope Heart by Sara Bareilles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bareilles kicks the album off strong with an intro, fittingly named â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart†. â€Å"Uncharted†, a feel-good vocal about going where she pleases and one of my personal favorite tracks off of the album, follows. Don’t let the rather old-fashioned introduction of the next track, â€Å"Gonna Get Over You†, steer you away from the song; it’s a compelling vocal explaining how she will â€Å"be alright, but not tonight†. The following track, my other personal favorite track, is a sweet, slow vocal about not knowing how to hold her heart, appropriately named â€Å"Hold My Heart†. â€Å"The Light† is the slowest vocal on â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart†, and easily makes your heart melt as you listen to Sara’s graceful and comforting voice. â€Å"Basket Case† is also a slow vocal. Bareilles explains how she is â€Å"just a basket case† over the course of this guitar-driven song. â€Å"Machine Gun †, Bareilles says during an interview, is a song written about the inevitable criticism that she will receive upon the release of â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart†. Her amusing humor surfaces itself in this song, as she jokingly sings: â€Å"maybe nobody loved you when you were young†. â€Å"Breathe Again†, the following song, is one of many slow yet beautiful songs found on â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart†. In this ballad that Bareilles wrote about a relationship gone bad, she portrays a vulnerable girl who wants to someday breathe again. â€Å"Bluebird†, another ballad, is the final song on â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart†. Bareilles sings about a bluebird and persuades him to fly as he once had. It is a moving, metaphorical ballad about picking yourself back up after getting hurt and a fitting way to finish a terrific record. Overall, â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart† is worth your time, even if you are not a Sara Bareilles fan. â€Å"Kaleidoscope Heart † showcases a more confident Sara with not only powerful, bold vocals but also sweet, savoring ballads that you will fall in love with.